Over the past few decades, Electronics has gained a very important place in modern society. In reality, it becomes difficult to do without. Not only in daily life, but in several sectors of activity: mechanical , aeronautical and even medical.

 understand everything about Electronics in general.

Electronic devices store your money.  They bring the sound of your voice into the homes of others.  . They land planes and guide cars safely to their destination. It’s amazing to think how many things they actually do. They are electronic devices. One of the greatest things we learned to do in the 20th century was to use electrons. Electrons are used to control machines and process information. But how can particles of endoscopic size, far too small to be visible, achieve such important things?

• What is the difference between electricity and electronics ?

Electricity is a very versatile kind of energy that we can produce in all kinds of ways. An energy that we can also use from many others. Electricity is the movement of electromagnetic energy around a circuit so that it drives something like an electric motor or a heating element. These motors then power other appliances such as electric cars, kettles, toasters and lamps.

In general, electrical devices need a lot of energy to operate, so they use fairly large electrical currents. The 2500 watt heating element inside an electric kettle operates on a current of approximately 10 amps. In contrast, electronic components use currents that can be measured in fractions of millionaires. In other words, a typical electrical device is likely to draw currents tens, hundreds, or thousands of times greater than a typical electronic device.

Electronics is a much more subtle type of electricity. In it, tiny electrical currents are carefully directed around much more complex circuitry to process signals or store and process information. Think of something like a microwave oven. This makes it easy to see the difference between ordinary electricity and electronics. In a microwave, electricity provides the power that generates high-energy waves that cook your food; electronics control the electrical circuit that does the cooking.

• Analog and digital electronics

There are two very different ways of storing information, called analog and digital.

• The difference between digital and analog

It sounds like a pretty abstract idea, but it’s really very simple.  Suppose you take an old fashioned picture of someone with a camera . The camera captures the light that enters through the shutter on the front as patterns of light and dark areas on chemically treated plastic. The scene you photograph is converted into a sort of instant chemical paint. An “analogy” of what you are looking at. That’s why we say it’s an analog way of storing information.

But if you shoot the exact same scene with a digital camera, the camera stores a very different recording. Instead of recording a recognizable pattern of light and dark, it converts light and dark areas into numbers and stores them instead. Storing a digital, encoded version of something is known as a digital file.

• Analog signals

Electronic equipment generally operates on information in analog or digital format. In an old-fashioned transistor radio, broadcast signals enter the radio’s circuitry through the antenna that exits the case. These are analog signals. Radio waves travel through the air from a distant radio transmitter, which vibrates up and down in a pattern that exactly matches the words and music they carry.

But in a modern digital radio, things are different. First, the signals travel in digital format, as encoded numbers. When they arrive at your radio, the numbers are converted back into beeps. This is a very different way of processing information and it has both advantages and disadvantages. In general, most modern forms of electronic equipment use digital electronics.

• Electronic components

If you’ve ever gazed at a city from the window of a skyscraper, you’ll be amazed by all the tiny little buildings below you and the streets that connect them in all sorts of intricate ways. Each building has a function and the streets make all the buildings work together. The collection of buildings, the way they are arranged, and the many connections between them are what make a vibrant city so much more than the sum of its individual parts.

Circuits inside electronic equipment are also a bit like cities. They are filled with components (similar to buildings) that perform different tasks and the components are connected to each other by wires or printed metal connections (similar to streets). Unlike a city, where virtually every building is unique and even two supposedly identical houses or office buildings can be subtly different. Electronic circuits are built from a small number of standard components.